Balancing Housing Affordability and Transportation Efficiency in the Inland Empire

The Inland Empire, a suburban Southern California region, is experiencing rapid population growth, it is estimated that the population is going to grow by 40% in 2045 (US Census). With this growth, the goal of this research is to understand the intersection between housing costs and affordability, and transportation efficiency and accesibility in the region. Prior research on accessibility and location affordability has found that there are high-income inequalities in low-to-poor-income households as they spend a higher percentage of their income on housing and transportation costs, even at locations where the average expenditure is less (Campbell, 2021; Charles & Lundy, 2013). This research highlights the challenges of housing affordability and how transportation efficiency can impact underserved communities in the Inland Empire. According to previous research, households in location-efficient places spent significantly less on household transportation, enough to offset high housing costs. Walkable blocks and good transit especially contribute to these savings (Makarewicsz, et. al., 2020). Housing affordability requires a multi-regression model that assesses the financial burden of housing and transportation costs on residents. Our method uses various aspects of transportation efficiency (transportation costs, public transit accessibility, mode share, commute time) and housing cost-to-income ratio. By conducting an in-depth analysis of the Inland Empire's unique characteristics and population growth trajectory, the study recognizes opportunities to address these peri-urban challenges. These opportunities encompass innovative urban planning strategies, the development of transit-oriented communities, the potential for public-private partnerships, and the utilization of emerging technologies to enhance transportation options and reduce housing costs. Furthermore, examining the experiences of other metropolitan regions facing similar growth patterns offers valuable insights into effective solutions. This study also aims to provide actionable recommendations for policymakers, planners, and stakeholders. These recommendations will guide sustainable urban development that ensures equitable access to affordable housing while reducing the environmental footprint associated with transportation.