1665376 - SEM-MIMIC Model to Identify Factors Influencing Users’ Willingness to Use Autonomous Shuttles

Autonomous shuttles are a promising addition to public transportation systems, potentially enhancing accessibility, convenience, and first-mile/last-mile connectivity. Examining user perceptions and their readiness for emerging autonomous shuttle technology is crucial, given its role as a supplement to public transportation systems. Prioritizing the inclusion of user perspectives in the planning phase is essential prior to the widespread deployment of autonomous shuttles. A comprehensive survey of 126 participants across various demographics, including age, gender, marital status, and location, was used for analysis in this study. Factors influencing the limited use of public transportation were investigated, with accessibility, travel time, private vehicle ownership, and inadequate scheduling as key factors. Structural Equation Modeling with Multiple Indicators and Multiple Causes (SEM-MIMIC) was employed to understand the factors influencing the adoption or willingness to use autonomous shuttles. Trust, safety, comfort, familiarity with autonomous shuttles, and demographic and socioeconomic factors were analyzed within the SEM-MIMIC framework. The results indicate that trust significantly influences users' willingness to use autonomous shuttles, while age does not directly influence the willingness to use autonomous shuttles. A positive willingness among transportation system users to embrace autonomous shuttles and integrate them into the mainstream transportation infrastructure is vital for successful deployments. Overall, the research provides valuable insights into the perception and potential adoption of autonomous shuttles, offering guidance for policymakers and industry stakeholders in shaping the future of urban transportation systems.