Improving the Efficiency of Traffic Outside Intermodal Facilities: A Proof of Concept of Operations

Abstract: Intermodal facilities, including port operations, play a significant role in the economic framework of the United States by making substantial contributions to the country's GDP, but face challenges managing increased freight volumes. However, increased transportation time within port facilities leads to higher costs, emissions, and impacts on efficiency and sustainability. This research aims to develop a concept of operations (ConOps) for improving the efficiency of heavy truck movement outside ports, with goals of reducing congestion, considering greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and addressing truck drivers’ satisfaction. The study proposes integrating technological solutions to streamline heavy truck traffic at intermodal port facilities, including scheduled truck arrivals and departures, truck stop and rest areas, real-time traffic information, implementation of dedicated truck lanes, and autonomous truck platooning. The focus is improving communication, efficiency, and safety for trucking companies, operations managers, and truck drivers. Using microsimulation modeling in PTV VISSIM (2023), a traffic impact study is also conducted, focusing on a case study near the Port of Miami. A base scenario is developed to represent current traffic conditions, and additional scenarios are implemented to evaluate different strategies, such as dedicated and exclusive truck lanes, freeway lane restrictions, and autonomous truck platooning. Simulation findings emphasize the positive impact of these strategies on travel times and delays, and forecast scenarios account for increased truck volumes. Dedicated truck lanes and truck platooning demonstrate promising results in improving overall traffic flow. This research supports decision-making for government officials and logistics service providers in sustainable and efficient intermodal freight planning.